How to Tile a Floor

Tiling a floor is a rewarding DIY project that can transform the look of a room, but it requires careful preparation. Start by measuring the space to determine how many tiles you’ll need, adding 10% extra for cuts and mistakes. Next, ensure the subfloor is clean, level, and sturdy—plywood or cement backer board works best for tile installation. If the existing floor is uneven, use a self-leveling compound to smooth it out. Remove baseboards and thoroughly clean the surface to ensure proper adhesion for the thin-set mortar. Proper preparation prevents cracked tiles and uneven surfaces later.

Before laying tiles, plan the layout by dry-fitting them (without adhesive) to determine the best starting point and minimize awkward cuts at edges. Use chalk lines to mark reference lines from the center of the room, ensuring symmetrical placement. For larger tiles, a tile leveling system can help keep them even. If your design includes patterns or decorative inserts, double-check measurements before applying mortar. It’s also wise to test-fit tiles around obstacles like toilet flanges or cabinets to ensure a clean finish. Taking time with this step ensures a professional-looking result.

When ready to install, mix thin-set mortar according to the manufacturer’s instructions and apply it to a small section of the floor using a notched trowel. Press each tile firmly into place, twisting slightly to ensure good adhesion. Use tile spacers to maintain consistent grout lines, and periodically check alignment with a level. For cuts, mark tiles with a pencil and score them with a tile cutter or wet saw for precise edges. Work in manageable sections to prevent the mortar from drying before tiles are set. Let the mortar cure for at least 24 hours before grouting.

Grouting fills the gaps between tiles and seals the floor. Choose a sanded grout for wider joints (over 1/8 inch) or unsanded for narrower ones. Mix the grout to a peanut butter-like consistency and press it into the joints with a rubber float, working diagonally to avoid pulling it out. After letting it sit for 10–15 minutes, wipe away excess grout with a damp sponge, rinsing frequently. Once the grout has fully cured (usually 24–72 hours), apply a sealant to protect against moisture and stains, especially in high-traffic or wet areas like kitchens and bathrooms.

Finally, reinstall baseboards or add quarter-round molding to cover expansion gaps along the walls. For a polished look, use color-matched caulk where the tile meets other surfaces, such as bathtubs or countertops. Regular maintenance—sweeping debris and cleaning with pH-neutral products—will keep your tiled floor looking new. While tiling requires patience and attention to detail, the result is a durable, attractive floor that can last for decades. If you’re unsure about any step, consulting a professional or watching tutorial videos can provide helpful guidance.