Only if your sink has pre-drilled holes (or you’re willing to drill new ones). Otherwise, use a deck plate to cover extra holes.

Drill a hole at eye level, insert the peephole from the outside, and screw the interior lens into place.

Pilot holes: Pre-drill with a bit slightly smaller than your screw. Countersink screws: For a flush finish. Avoid edges (at least 1" from board ends).